Brazil

Brazil

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Capital:

Rio de Janeiro

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Government Type:

Authoritarian, Despotic

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Faction:

Neutral

Brazil is a minor power located in South America, whose terrain is dominated by the jungles and forests of the Amazon. Although it starts out relatively weak, as the largest and arguably strongest nation in South America, it's in a prime position to expand into its many weaker neighbors and dominate the continent. Brazil has a total population of 40.32 million in both start dates.

Historical Background

With the Old Republic of Brazil overthrown in the 1930 revolution, a political alliance known as the New State (Estado Novo) took power. This was mainly because of Brazil's reliance on foreign markets and loans, and with the price of coffee plummeting, the country headed into a deep recession. With the Brazilian economy steadily growing worse, it soon led to the rise of Getúlio Vargas, a populist governor of Rio Grande do Sul, whose ascendance relied heavily on a very diverse group of supporters.

After attaining power, Vargas quickly faced the problems with an any such diverse coalition would, with "modernisation" being only a vague term keeping the different groups together. During the years 1930 to 1934, Vargas initiated a series of reforms that can best be described as an attempt to reconcile the radically diverging interests of his supporters, in a process collectively comparable to those of Benito Mussolini's fascist  Italy. He also promoted a sense of self-reliance nationalism with heavy tariffs to "perfect our manufacturers to the point where it will become unpatriotic to feed or clothe ourselves with imported goods!".

By 1934, Vargas' government steadily developed into a dictatorship modelled along the lines of European Fascism, with Vargas copying their tactics and sharing their rejection of liberal capitalism. Threatened by increasing disagreement and tensions between his supporters, and a leftist wing steadily growing more alienated towards his government, Vargas eventually got pushed into an alliance with the Integralists, the Fascist movement of Brazil. The years 1934 to 35 were characterised mainly by assimilating minor groups with interests akin to those of his own government, while suppressing opposition (particularly leftist opposition). With his leftist base for support crushed, Vargas thus needed to look for support elsewhere, and thus the constitution of 1934 was created on strongly fascist beliefs and tendencies.

With Vargas' term due to end in 1938, the government fabricated an alleged communist plot in 1937, which Vargas used to create a favourable atmosphere to stay in power. In his address on 10 November 1937, Vargas, invoking the supposed Communist threat, decreed a state of emergency and dissolved the Legislature. He also announced the adoption by Presidential fiat of a new, severely authoritarian Constitution that effectively placed all governing power in his hands. This ended the 1934 constitution, and Vargas proclaimed the Estado Novo.

Under the Estado Novo, Vargas abolished political parties, imposed censorship, established a centralised police force, and filled prisons with political dissidents, while evoking a sense of nationalism that transcended class and bound the masses to the state. He ended up repressing the Integralists, after they attempted a coup that would restore the elections.

Brazil's involvement in WWII started out as initially friendly towards the Axis powers, and at first it seemed Vargas' regime was entering into the Axis orbit, even before the proclamation of the Estado Novo. With increasing trade, both civilian and military, between the Axis powers and Brazil, and with  Germany being the second largest export market for Brazilian cacao and coffee, largest for cotton, and the German bank establishing three hundred branches in Brazil, US officials soon started to worry where Vargas' international alignment was heading. With Brazil deporting Luís Carlos Prestes' wife, the revolutionary Jewish German Olga Benário Prestes in 1937,  Germany offered a formal invitation to the Axis powers at the side of  Japan and  Italy. The relations, however, soon started to chill when Vargas refused the invitation around the same time as he ousted the integralists, with the proclamation of the Estado Novo.

In early 1940, the  United States started reaching out to Brazil with its "Good Neighbour Policy". The pragmatic Vargas eventually sided with the Allies, mainly for economic reasons, with the Allies being more valuable trading partners than the Axis and also in exchange for financing of the Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional (National Siderurgical Company, the national steelworks). Eventually, the German and Italian sinking of Brazilian trade ships through their unrestricted submarine warfare led to Brazil formally joining the Allies in August 1942, with a formal declaration of war against  Germany and  Italy. Brazil eventually sent an expeditionary force in the latter half of 1944, and provided the Allies with a steady supply of rubber through the war.

The siding with the Allies did not go unnoticed at home, and the paradoxicality of an authoritarian dictatorship fighting with the liberal forces largely increased the anti-dictatorship sentiment in Brazil. To counter this, Vargas led through a series of reforms, promising "a new postwar era of liberty" that included amnesty for political prisoners, presidential elections, and the legalization of opposition parties. This political liberalization contributed to the downfall of the Estado Novo, being substantial enough to provoke Vargas' resignation on 29 October 1945 and the return to democracy with the 1945 presidential election. This eventually led to the establishment of the Fourth Brazilian Republic in 1946, an unstable republic with high pressure from the military on civilian politicians, which ended with the 1964 Brazilian coup d'état and establishment of Brazilian military government.

Brazil in 1936

National Spirits

Brazil does not start with a national spirit.

National Focus

Generic national focus tree.

 Brazil utilizes the generic national focus tree as it is a minor nation.

The generic focus tree has 5 main branches:

• Army Effort gives army experience and research bonuses to army research.
• Aviation Effort gives air experience, builds air bases, and research bonuses to air research.
• Naval Effort gives navy experience, builds naval dockyards, and research bonuses to navy research.
• Industrial Effort builds civilian and military factories (usually even if building slots are already full)and grants extra research slots.
• Political Effort gives the country choices on which political path they will take.

Diplomacy

Alliances

Brazil is not in any alliances or factions at either start.

Technology

Latest Technologies Researched 1936

Army Technology	Naval Technology	Air Technology	Electronics & Industry
Infantry Basic Infantry Equipment Support Battalions Engineer Company I Armor Tank (Great War Tank) Artillery Artillery I	Navy Destroyer I Light Cruiser I Battleship I Submarine I Transport Ship	Air Interwar fighter CAS I	Electrical -
Land Doctrine -	Naval doctrine -	Air doctrine -	Industrial -

Latest Technologies Researched 1939

Army Technology	Naval Technology	Air Technology	Electronics & Industry
Infantry Basic Infantry Equipment Weapons 1 Improved Infantry Equipment Support Weapons 1 Support Battalions Engineer Company I Armor Tank (Great War Tank) Artillery Artillery I Interwar Artillery Anti-Air	Navy Destroyer I Destroyer 2 Light Cruiser I Battleship I Submarine I Submarine II Transport Ship	Air Interwar fighter CAS I	Electrical Electronic Mechanical Engineering Radio Radio Detection Mechanical Computing Computing Machine
Land Doctrine - Grand Battle Plan Trench Warfare Grand Battle Plan	Naval doctrine - Fleet in Being Fleet in Being Battlefleet Concentration Convoy Sailing	Air doctrine - Strategic Destruction Air Superiority	Industrial Basic Machine Tools Improved Machine Tools Advanced Machine Tools Dispersed Industry I Dispersed Industry II Construction I Construction II Synthetic Oil Experiments Oil Plant Improved Oil Plant

Politics

Political Parties

Political Party	Ideology	Popularity	Party Leader	Country Name	Is Ruling?
Estado Novo	Non-Aligned	100%	Getúlio Vargas	Brazil	Yes
Ação Integralista Brasileira	Fascist	0%	Plínio Salgado	Integralist Brazil	No
Partido Comunista Brasileiro	Communist	0%	Luís Carlos Prestes	Brazilian Socialist Republic	No
União Democrática Brasileira	Democratic	0%	Armando Sales	Second Brazilian Republic	No

Ideology

Brazil starts in 1936 as a non-aligned country, completely authoritarian with no imminent election.

Should the player wish to change the country's ideology, the National Focus tree is a good way to start as it has an option to change ideology. The process can be sped up by the appointment of Political Advisors. Available advisors are:

• Raaoul Fernandes: Democratic Reformer - Daily Democracy Support: +0.1
• Tarcisio Padilha: Fascist Demagogue - Daily Fascism Support: +0.1
• Henry Berger: Communist Revolutionary - Daily Communist Support: +0.1

All three advisors cost 150 Political Power each to appoint.

With the appointment of each of these advisors, support for the Democratic União Democrática Nacional (UDN), the Fascist Integralismo brasileiro or for the Communist Partido Comunista Brasileiro (PCB) will steadily increase. The result of this will be to convert the country to a Democratic, Fascist or Communist country. Once this occurs, the diplomatic rules applied to Democratic, Fascist or Communist countries will also apply to Brazil. Depending on how the player handles this, various events will pop-up asking how to proceed with the ideological drift. Depending on what choices are made during these event choices, the player may end up in a civil war. In that case, the more political support the player builds up, the more of the nation's territory and troops will be under player control.

Staff and Designers

These are choices of ministers and design companies for Brazil.

Political Advisors

Advisor	Type	Effect	Cost ()
Washington Luis Pereira	Backroom Backstabber	Political Power Gain: +5 % Ideology drift defense: +15 %	150
Osvaldo Aranha	Compassionate Gentleman	Improve Relations Opinion: +15.00%	150
Alfranio de Mello Franco	Popular Figurehead	Stability: +15 %	150
Henry Berger	Communist Revolutionary	Daily Communist Support: +.10 Gets event 'Communism on the Rise'.	150
Raul Fernandes	Democratic Reformer	Daily Democracy Support: +.10 Gets event 'Move towards Democracy'.	150
Tarcisio Padilha	Fascist Demagogue	Daily Fascism Support: +.10 Gets event 'Fascism on the Rise'.	150

Tank Designers

Designer	Type	Effect	Cost ()
Armor Company	Generic Tank Designer	Armor Research Time: -10 % Armor Reliability: +5 % By selecting this Design Company it will permanently affect capabilities on all equipment researched while they are hired.	150

Ship Designers

Designer	Type	Effect	Cost ()
Naval Company	Generic Fleet Designer	Naval Research Time: -10 % By selecting this Design Company it will permanently affect capabilities on all equipment researched while they are hired.	150

Aircraft Designers

Designer	Type	Effect	Cost ()
Light Aircraft Company	Light Aircraft Designer	Air Research Time: -10 % Fighter: Agility: +10 % Max Speed: +10 % Carrier Fighter: Agility: +10 % Max Speed: +10 % By selecting this Design Company it will permanently affect capabilities on all equipment researched while they are hired.	150
Medium Air Company	Medium Aircraft Designer	Air Research Time: -10 % Heavy Fighter: Reliability: +20 % Tactical Bomber: Reliability: +20 % By selecting this Design Company it will permanently affect capabilities on all equipment researched while they are hired.	150
Heavy Air Company	Heavy Aircraft Designer	Air Research Time: -10 % Strategic Bomber: Strategic Bombing: +10 % By selecting this Design Company it will permanently affect capabilities on all equipment researched while they are hired.	150
Naval Air Company	Naval Aircraft Designer	Air Research Time: -10 % Naval Bomber: Range: +10 % Naval Attack: +10 % CV Naval Bomber: Range: +10 % Naval Attack: +10 % By selecting this Design Company it will permanently affect capabilities on all equipment researched while they are hired.	150

Materiel Designers

Designer	Type	Effect	Cost ()
Artillery Company	Artillery Designer	Artillery Research Time: -10 %	150
Small Arms Company	Infantry Equipment Designer	Weapons and Equipment Research Time: -10 %	150
Motorization Company	Motorization Equipment Designer	Motorization Research Time: -10 %	150

Industrial Concern

Designer	Type	Effect	Cost ()
Industrial Company	Industrial Concern	Industrial Research Time: -10 %	150
Electronics Company	Electronics Concern	Electronics Research Time: -10 %	150

Theorists

Theorist	Type	Effect	Cost ()
Newton Cavalcanto	Military Theorist	Army Experience Gain: +0.05 daily Land Interdiction DoctrineResearch Time: -7 %	250
Eduardo Gomes	Air Warfare Expert	Air Experience Gain: +0.05 daily Air Doctrine Research Time: -7 %	250

Economy

Laws

1936

Conscription Law	Economy Law	Trade Law
Volunteer Only 1.5% Recruitable population	Civilian Economy 35% Consumer Goods factories –30% Factory construction speed +30% Factory (type) conversion cost	Export Focus 50% Resources to market –5% Research time +10% Factory/Dockyard output +10% Construction speed

Industry

Factories 1936

3 Military Factories

2 Naval Dockyards

18 Civilian Factories

Factories 1939

4 Military Factories

5 Naval Dockyards

19 Civilian Factories

These factories give Brazil a head start compared to a lot of other nations in the area when building up their industry further, with the closest South American nation in industrial capacity being Argentina, with 12 civilian and 3 military factories. If one however wishes to become a major world player, expansion of one's industry must be a priority from the very beginning, as the Brazilian industrial base is by no means comparable to that of the majors.

Resources

Brazil starts with very few resources, many of which are sent to the markets, and will need to import most resources if it wishes to become a greater power. However, most resources can be found in countries nearby if one wishes to go down a more aggressive path, with Venezuela containing an abundance of oil, Argentina and Bolivia a large supply of tungsten, and Chile controlling about half of South America's steel. Additionally, the European colonies just north of Brazil have a large abundance of Aluminium, with especially the British and French being valuable. If one wishes to go on without conquering, Brazil contains the following resources within its own borders:

Total resources 1936

Oil	Rubber	Steel	Aluminum	Tungsten	Chromium
0	30	4	4	0	0

Representing its industrial mobilization through Vargas' early years, Brazil has many factories, but very few dedicated to military purposes.

Military

The size of the Brazilian Army is rather small at the beginning, with only 7 division available at game start, two of them being cavalry. While this in itself could be enough to defeat some of the smaller nations in immediate proximity, it is advisable that Brazil build up their forces before attempting full scale war. Especially  Uruguay,  Paraguay and  Bolivia provide easy targets in the early game. The navy is rather small, but big enough to challenge most of the other South American nations. It will however need a build up if it is to stand a chance against the major navies. Brazilian air capacity is rather limited, but once again perfectly on par with the other South American nations, thus giving it a regional edge during air warfare.

With a reserve pool of 532.53K, Brazil starts in a favourable position to both expand its military, and wage small scale wars in the proximity, without having to worry too much about little manpower.

Army

1936 scenario:

5 Infantry Divisions

2 Cavalry Division

Total: 7 Divisions | Manpower Used: 57.50K

Two generals are available at game start:

Name	Skill	Bonuses	Medals	Effects
Mascarenhas de Morais	4	Attack: +20% Defense: +20%	Jungle Rat	Jungle Movement: +5% Attack:  +10% Defense: +10%
Eurico Gaspar Dutra	3	Attack: +15% Defense: +15%	Ranger	Forest Movement: +5% Attack:  +10% Defense: +10%

The Brazilian Expeditionary Force or BEF (Portuguese: Força Expedicionária Brasileira; FEB) consisted of about 25,700 men and women arranged by the army and air force to fight alongside the Allied forces in the Mediterranean Theatre of World War II. This air–land force consisted of (replacements included): a complete Infantry Division, a Liaison flight, and a Fighter squadron.[1]

It fought in Italy from September 1944 to May 1945, while the Brazilian Navy as well as the Air Force also acted in the Battle of the Atlantic from the middle of 1942 until the end of the war. During almost eight months of its campaign, fighting at Gothic Line and in the 1945 final offensive, the BEF managed to take 20,573 Axis prisoners, consisting of two generals, 892 officers, and 19,679 other ranks. Brazil was the only independent South American country to send ground troops to fight overseas, losing 948 men killed in action across all three services during the Second World War.

Navy

Capital ships 1936 2 Battleships Screens and Submarines 1936 2 Light Cruisers 8 Destroyers 1 Submarine

Total: 13 Ships || Manpower Used: 15.40K

One Admiral is available at game start:

Name	Skill	Bonuses	Medals	Effects
Augusto Rademaker	3	Naval Hit Chance: +15% Fleet Coordination: +5%	N/A	N/A: - N/A: - N/A: -

Capital ships 1939 2 Battleships Screens and Submarines 1936 2 Light Cruisers 8 Destroyers 4 Submarine

Total: 16 Ships || Manpower Used: 16.00K

Air Force

Aircraft 1936

24 Fighters

Total: 24 Planes | Manpower Used: 480

Strategies and Guides

Brazil finds itself in a unique geographical location and can potentially change the course of the upcoming war should it choose to align itself with the Axis or Comintern.

At the start of the game, the player should focus on expanding Brazil's industry. Having a large industry is vital for any nation and Brazil is no exception. Military factories should come first as Brazil has far fewer of them compared to it's much more robust civilian sector. While industrialization is underway, the Brazilian military should also be expanded. This, however, may not be an easy task as Brazil has very little resources on its territory which hampers military buildup. Brazil happens to possess 30 units of Rubber which can make small-scale vehicle production possible while importing Oil can allow Brazil to potentially field a motorized army, something that can easily be a decisive factor against countries lacking motorized equipment.

Once the player builds up enough political power to elect a government adviser, Brazil stands at a crossroads; Defensive or Aggressive focus? Should the player choose to be aggressive, then the next choice will be what ideology to pursue; Fascism or Communism? The choice is up to the player but the +7% manpower obtainable from Fascism is a thing worth taking into notice.

Should the player choose fascism, they will gain 7% additional manpower and Brazil can ally itself with the Axis and open up a new front in South America, bringing the war closer to the United States and depriving it of the advantage of being protected by the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

Should the player go for communism, Brazil could join the Comintern and, again, bring the worker's revolution into the Americas and deprive the USA of its geographical advantage. Brazil could also be subversive,  France has a dangerously high communist popularity in its government and a little popularity boosting might just be enough to push them over the edge. If France becomes communist, this can do anything from disrupting the formation of the Allies (France will not join Great Britain if it is communist) to landing a new member into the Comintern (France has a national focus path that works towards joining the Comintern) to potentially resulting in the formation of an additional communist faction (The Little Entente, which France can form if it doesn't join the allies). The  United States and  United Kingdom are also worth considering for boosting party popularity in, converting the United States to communism makes them less likely to join the allies and they might even join the Comintern if they are attacked by a foreign power not part of said faction. The United Kingdom is a little less reliable but making them communist lessens the chance of war with them.

Early conquests are a race against time, as the United States guarantees the independence of all American countries. The USA however, will not act on its guarantee unless the aggressor is a foreign power until the "Pax Americana" Focus is completed, allowing them to intervene in wars between American countries. No matter how well entrenched the Brazilians are, holding off a full-power American military is a very hard task to do, the player's best bet is to hold off the US military long enough to drain their manpower reserve completely which is beyond tedious and grinding. As such, Brazil will have to secure enough resources and land to hold its own against the Americans before the United States gains the ability to act on its guarantees.

A communist Brazil can invade and conquer neighboring South American countries to obtain resources with Venezuela containing an abundance of oil, Argentina and Bolivia a large supply of tungsten, and Chile controlling about half of South America's steel. Additionally, the European colonies just north of Brazil have a large abundance of Aluminium, with especially the British and French being valuable. Successfully conquering all of South America could yield Brazil enough resources and factories to make it a major power on part with the others and there is technically nothing stopping Brazil from continuing its advance into Central- and North America, conquering the United States is a worthwhile achievement as the amount of factories and resources the player can obtain this way cannot be understated.

Should the player successfully defeat every other nation in the Americas and conquer the whole continent, Brazil will likely at this point have become powerful enough to take its fate into its own hands and freely decide what to do next. Ambitious to say the least, Brazil could quite possibly betray its allies and launch a world conquest from here, although that may be dependent on what the rest of the world looks like by this point.

Countries

Europe

France Italy Netherlands Kingdom of Romania United Kingdom

North America

South America

Brazil Colombia

Asia	China Japan Manchukuo Mengkukuo Shanxi

Africa

Ethiopia

Oceania

Europe

Albania Austria Belgium Bulgaria Czechoslovakia Denmark Estonia Finland German Reich Greece Hungary Ireland Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Nationalist Spain Norway Poland Portugal Republican Spain Soviet Union Sweden Switzerland Turkey Yugoslavia

North America

Dominion of Canada Costa Rica Cuba Dominican Republic El Salvador Guatemala Haiti Honduras Mexico Nicaragua Panama United States

South America

Argentina Bolivia Chile Ecuador Paraguay Peru Uruguay Venezuela

Asia	Afghanistan Bhutan British Malaya British Raj Communist China Guangxi Clique Iran Iraq Mongolia Nepal Oman Philippines Saudi Arabia Siam Sinkiang Tannu Tuva Tibet Xibei San Ma Yemen Yunnan

Africa

Liberia South Africa

Oceania

Australia New Zealand