France

Paris

Democratic, Social Democrat

None(1936), Allies(1939)

France is a major power in 1936, one of the winners of the Great War, and in control of a globe-spanning empire. Their heartland in Europe is rich; almost half of Africa is under their control, and they have colonies in Indochina, Syria and Guyana, not to mention direct control of islands in all the oceans of the world. However, their government is divided, with Communist influences threatening to weaken it further. The memory of the Great War is also very much alive, and the people of France are reluctant to fight another major war in Europe. Should an aggressive adversary like Germany threaten its heartland, France is unlikely to be willing to sustain defensive efforts that could see the entire country devastated.

Historical Background[edit]

France, along with the United Kingdom, guaranteed the independence of Poland prior to its invasion by Germany. Feeling secured by the Maginot Line in the Eastern provinces of Alsace-Lorraine, France declared war against Germany with the United Kingdom. However, the Allied armies were defeated in just six weeks during the Battle of France against Germany and Italy, in contrast to the years-long campaign expectation by both sides. Thinking their chances poor regardless, Germany gambled on a decisive victory by sending Panzer divisions through Luxembourg and the Ardennes' forested hills, terrain which the French supreme commander Gamelin thought unable to sustain tank movements. The Panzers then drove—without waiting for infantry to secure their supply lines—through France to the English Channel, surrounding the bulk of the Allied forces which had been sent to Belgium's border with Germany aiming to deny them room for mobile warfare and overconfident that their main thrust would be through Belgium as in WWI's Schlieffen Plan.

Threatened with annihilation, the British evacuated their expeditionary forces and what Allied units they could until Dunkirk fell. Soon thereafter, France agreed to an armistice—effectively surrendering—in a defeat which caused great astonishment to the rest of the world, as France was a leading world power that only 20 years earlier had won the Great War.

Events[edit]

Main article: French events

National focus[edit]

French national focus tree.

Main article: French national focus tree

France, as one of the seven major powers, got a unique national focus tree.

The French national focus tree can be divided into 4 branches:

Industrial branch: This branch offers the possibility to develop Metropolitan France and the overseas region, as well as two more research slots.

Defensive and aggressive branch: These branches are mutually exclusive. They end with the shard focus Army Reform which removes the starting national spirit Victors of the Great War. (This focus can only be taken after removing Disjointed Government via the government reform branch.)

Government Reform branch: This branch consists of various diplomatic focuses and focuses to change the ideology of the government or to strengthen the current democratic government. All possible mutually exclusive branches contain a focus to remove the crippling Disjointed Government national spirit.

Navy and air force branch: This branch includes focuses which grant experience and research bonuses to improve in these domains.

Technology[edit]

France starts with very good tanks, having unlocked 2 levels of the light tanks tree. This is offset by a major penalty to doctrine research, making it extremely time-consuming to develop proper doctrines. In addition, France's focus tree lacks many research boosts that other majors (and even minors) do have, such as infantry equipment and industry. This makes France a technologically weak country by the time Germany invades.

Army Technology	Naval Technology	Air Technology	Electronics & Industry
MAS-36 (Infantry Eq. I) Citroen U23 (Motorized) Mountain Infantry I Recon Company I FCM 36 (Light Tank II) Canon de 75 modèle 1897 (Towed Artillery I) Hotchkiss 25mm (Towed Anti-Air I)	1936 Destroyer Hull Roller-chain DC Racks (Depth Charge I) Early Cruiser Hull 1936 Heavy Ship Hull 300mm Belt/70mm Deck (Battleship Armor II) 283mm Belt/130mm Deck (Battlecruiser Armor II) Deck Conversions 1936 Submarine Hull Twin 550mm TTs (Torpedo Rack I) 138.6mm/40 Model 1927 (Light Battery II) 152mm/55 Model 1930 (Light Cruiser Battery II) 203mm/55 Model 1931 (Heavy Cruiser Battery II) 34cm/45 Model 1912 (Heavy Battery I) 138.6mm/55 Model 1910 (Secondary Battery I) Contact Mines Minelaying Submarine Transport Ship 25mm/60 Hotchkiss 1940 (Anti-Air Battery II)	Nieuport-Delage NiD 62 (Interwar Fighter) Dewoitine D.376 (Interwar Carrier Fighter) Breguet BR.693 (Close Air Support I) Latécoère 298 (Naval Bomber I) Latécoère 298B (Carrier Naval Bomber I) Amiot 143 (Tactical Bomber I)	Fuel Storage Fuel Refining I
Doctrines
Grand Battleplan	Fleet in Being	None

Without Man the Guns
La Fantasque Class (Destroyer II) La Galissonnière Class (Light Cruiser II)) Algérie Class (Heavy Cruiser II) Dunkerque Class (Battlecruiser II) Courbet Class (Battleship I) Upgraded Bretagne Class Béarn Class (Carrier I) Minerve Class (Submarine II) Transport Ship

France is the only nation to start with Battlecruiser II, a 1940 technology.

Politics[edit]

National spirits[edit]

France starts with four National Spirits in Man the Guns:

London Naval Treaty Signatory

Carrier Max Cost: 9500
Cruiser Max Cost: 5300
Heavy Ship Max Cost: 10000

We have signed the London Naval Treaty and accordingly are restricted in the size of our capital ships.

Victors of the Great War

Recruitable Population: −0.3%
War Support: -5%
Land Doctrine Research Speed: -75%

Having emerged victorious from the Great War, the army has developed a dangerously complacent attitude which causes strategic developments to come slowly and with some reluctance.

Disjointed Government

Daily Political Power Cost: +0.8
Stability: −10%
Surrender Limit: -50%

The state of French politics is far from stable. While reforms are needed and welcome, the nation is divided and getting drawn into a conflict would put it at great risk.

Protected by the Maginot Line

Max Planning: +25%
Planning Speed: −25%

Having fortified the border gives France the opportunity to plan and prepare carefully, but it does sacrifice some flexibility in the event of something unexpected.

Disjointed Government and Protected by the Maginot Line can possibly be removed by completing National Focuses in the Government Reform branch.

Victors of the Great War can be removed by completing National Focuses in the Defensive or Aggressive branches.

Political parties[edit]

Political Party	Ideology	Popularity	Party Leader	Country Name	Is Ruling?
Parti Radical	Democratic	69%	Édouard Daladier	France	Yes
Parti Communiste Francais	Communist	30%	Maurice Thorez	French Commune	No
Mouvement Franciste	Fascist	1%	Philippe Pétain	Nation Française(If Independent)/Vichy France(If formed by Germany's decision)	No
Non-Aligned	Non-Aligned	0%	Random Leader	Bourbon France	No

Diplomacy[edit]

France starts outside of the Allies at the start of 1936, but has options to join later. They also have focuses to form their own faction with Czechoslovakia and invite Yugoslavia and Romania to form the Little Entente.

France has focuses to intervene in the Spanish Civil War, either for the Nationalists or Republicans, but these require first becoming fascist or communist.

Diplomatic Rules[edit]

Rule	Whether it applies	Reason
Can declare war on country of the same ideology group without a war goal	No	Democracy
Can Guarantee other Ideologies	Yes	Democracy
Can join Factions led by another Ideology	Yes	Democracy
Can create Factions	No	No National Spirit. Requires National Focus
Lowers World Tension with Guarantees	Yes	Democracy
Can puppet a country	No	Democracy
Can justify wargoals against a country that have not generated world tension	No	Democracy

Staff and Designers[edit]

These are choices of ministers and design companies for France.

Political Advisors
Advisor	Type	Effect	Cost()
Maurice Thorez	Communist Revolutionary	Daily Communism Support: +0.10 Has completed focus Leftist Rhetoric	150
Marcel Bucard	Fascist Demagogue	Daily Fascism Support: +0.10 Has completed focus Right Wing Rhetoric	150
Léon Blum	Democratic Reformer	Daily Democracy Support: +0.10	150
Gaston Henry-Haye	Silent Workhorse	Political Power Gain: +15 %	150
Paul Baudouin	Smooth-Talking Charmer	Trade deal opinion factor: +10.00 %	150
Jacques Duclos	Backroom Backstabber	Political Power Gain: +5 % Ideology drift defense: +15 %	150
Félix Gouin	Captain of Industry	Civilian Factory construction speed: +10 % Infrastructure construction speed: +10 % Refinery construction speed: +10 %	150
Charles Tillon	Armaments Organizer	Civilian to Military Factory conversion speed: +20 %	150
Paul Reynaud	Quartermaster general	Air Base construction speed: +15 % Naval Base construction speed: +15 % Rocket Site construction speed: +15 % Radar Station construction speed: +15 % Nuclear Reactor construction speed: +15 %	150
Zivony Peshkov	War Industrialist	Military Factory Construction Speed: +10.0% Dockyard Construction Speed: +10.0% Fuel Silo Construction Speed: +10.0%	150

Tank Designers
Designer	Type	Effect	Cost()
AMX	Mobile Tank Designer	Armor Research Speed: +15 % Armor: Max Speed: +5 % Reliability: +10 % By selecting this Design Company it will permanently affect capabilities on all equipment researched while they are hired. Has completed focus Army Reform	150
Renault	Heavy Tank Designer	Armor Research Speed: +15 % Armor: Armor: +5 % Hard Attack: +5 % By selecting this Design Company it will permanently affect capabilities on all equipment researched while they are hired.	150

Ship Designers
Designer	Type	Effect	Cost()
FCM	Ship Designer	Naval Research Speed: +15 %	150

Aircraft Designers
Designer	Type	Effect	Cost()
Morane-Saulnier	Light Aircraft Designer	Air Research Speed: +15 % Fighter: Agility: +10 % Max Speed: +10 % Carrier Fighter: Agility: +10 % Max Speed: +10 % By selecting this Design Company it will permanently affect capabilities on all equipment researched while they are hired.	150
Bloch	Medium Aircraft Designer	Air Research Speed: +15 % Heavy Fighter: Reliability: +20 % Tactical Bomber: Reliability: +20 % By selecting this Design Company it will permanently affect capabilities on all equipment researched while they are hired.	150
Amiot	Heavy Aircraft Designer	Air Research Speed: +15 % Strategic Bomber: Strategic Bombing: +10 % By selecting this Design Company it will permanently affect capabilities on all equipment researched while they are hired.	150
Levasseur	Naval Aircraft Designer	Air Research Speed: +15 % Naval Bomber: Range: +10 % Naval Attack: +10 % CV Naval Bomber: Range: +10 % Naval Attack: +10 % Carrier Fighter: Range: +10 % Agility: +10 % Carrier CAS: Range: +10 % Naval Attack: +10 % By selecting this Design Company it will permanently affect capabilities on all equipment researched while they are hired.	150

Materiel Designers
Designer	Type	Effect	Cost()
MAS	Infantry Equipment Designer	Weapons and Equipment Research Speed: +15 %	150
SOMUA	Motorized Equipment Designer	Motorization Research Speed: +15 %	150
Schneider	Artillery Designer	Artillery Research Speed: +15 %	150

Industrial Concern
Designer	Type	Effect	Cost()
FAMH	Industrial Concern	Industrial Research Speed: +15 %	150

Theorists
Designer	Type	Effect	Cost()
Charles de Gaulle	Grand Battleplan Expert	Army Experience Gain: +0.05 daily Grand Battleplan Doctrine: +15 %	250
Louis Kahn	Grand Fleet Proponent	Naval Experience Gain: +0.05 daily Fleet in Being Doctrine: +15 %	250
Victor Denain	Assault Aviation	Air Experience Gain: +0.05 daily Operational Integrity Doctrine: +15 %	250
Henri Giraud	Military Theorist	Army Experience Gain: +0.05 daily Land Doctrine Research Speed: +10 %	150
Jean Decoux	Naval Theorist	Naval Experience Gain: +0.05 daily Naval Doctrine Research Speed: +10 %	150
Jean-Marie Bergeret	Air Warfare Theorist	Air Experience Gain: +0.05 daily Air Doctrine Research Speed: +10 %	150
Frédéric & Iréne Joliot-Curie	Nuclear Scientist	Nuclear Research Speed: +15 %	150

Economy[edit]

Laws[edit]

Conscription Law	Economy Law	Trade Law
Limited Conscription 2.5% Recruitable population	Civilian Economy 35% Consumer Goods factories –30% Factory construction speed +30% Factory (type) conversion cost -40% Fuel Gain per Oil -25% Fuel Capacity	Export Focus 50% Resources to market +5% Research speed +10% Factory/Dockyard output +10% Construction speed

Industry[edit]

Factories 1936
6 Military Factories	8 Naval Dockyard	35 Civilian Factories

Military production is dwarfed by Germany (28) and Italy (19) and only on par with Belgium. The player can also expect production to be crippled by the 1936 strikes. However, the very good civilian production allows for considerable military buildup in the years before the war.

Resources[edit]

Total resources 1936
Oil	Rubber	Steel	Aluminum	Tungsten	Chromium
0	76	758	335	38	125

These numbers represent the base available resources, depending on the trade law a certain amount may be traded away.

France has access to huge amounts of Steel and Aluminum. They also control large supplies of Rubber, Chromium and Tungsten from their Asian colonies. They have no access to Oil so they need to import that.

Military[edit]

France relies on the heavy fortifications at the border against Germany to defend them there.

Army[edit]

France has 74 divisions in 1936, but several of those are colonial divisions with only two infantry battalions, and their armored divisions are basically brigades. They rely on the heavy fortifications at the border against Germany to defend them there.

Examples of alternative division template names for France include:

Mountaineers - Division d'Infanterie Alpine
Marines - Division d'Infanterie de Marine
Paratroopers - Division Aéroportée
Motorized - Division d'Infanterie Motorisée
Mechanized - Division d'Infanterie Mécanisée
Armor - Division Blindée

Navy[edit]

Capital ships 1936
1 Carriers	5 Battleships	7 Heavy Cruisers

Screens and Submarines 1936
7 Light Cruisers	52 Destroyers	63 Submarines

France has 1 Carrier(CV), 5 Battleships(BB), 7 Heavy Cruisers(CA), 7 Light Cruisers(CL), 52 Destroyers(DD) and 63 Submarines(SS) at the start, and boasts a reasonably modern - if understrength - fleet. Whilst the Marine Nationale is strong enough to decisively defeat either the Kriegsmarine or the Regia Marina alone, it would have no chance against a combined Axis fleet. As with her tanks, France begins the game with modern naval technology, such as 1936 BB, DD and SS techs. However, poor naval infrastructure and low shipbuilding priority means that constructing a large modern fleet is not easy, and in fact can often be counter-productive in that it denies vital raw materials from tank and motorized production.

Air Force[edit]

Aircraft 1936
450 Fighters	42 Naval Bombers	204 Tactical Bombers

France starts with 450 fighters, 42 Naval Bombers and 204 modern Tactical Bombers. It is a rather good air force, but it will need to be significantly strengthened before the war starts.

Military staff[edit]

These are the Military Staff candidates for appointment in France.

Chief of Army
Candidate	Type I	Type II	Effects + Requirements	Cost ()
Maurice Gamelin	Army Offense	(Expert)	Division Attack: +10 % Has completed focus Aggressive Focus	50
Maxime Weygand	Army Defense	(Expert)	Division Defense: +10 % Has completed focus Defensive Focus	50
Henri Marie Auguste Bineau	Army Offense	(Specialist)	Division Attack: +5 %	150
Pierre Alombert Goget	Army Defense	(Specialist)	Division Defense: +5 %	150
Alphonse Georges	Army Maneuver	(Specialist)	Division speed: +5 %	150

Chief of Navy
Candidate	Type I	Type II	Effects + Requirements	Cost ()
Francois Darlan	Decisive Battle	(Expert)	Capital Ship Attack: +10 % Capital Ship Armor: +10 % Screen Attack: +10 % Screen Defense: +10 %	150
Marcel Gensoul	Naval Aviation	(Specialist)	Naval Air Attacks from Carriers: +3 % Naval Air Targeting from Carriers: +3 % Naval Air Agility from Carriers: +4 %	150
Jean-Marie Abrial	Commerce Raiding	(Expert)	Convoy Raiding Efficiency: +15 %	150

Chief of the Air force
Candidate	Type I	Type II	Effects + Requirements	Cost ()
Joseph Vuillemin	Ground Support	(Specialist)	Air Superiority: +5 %	150
Robert Odic	All-Weather	(Specialist)	Bad Weather Penalty: -10 %	150
Phillipe Féquant	Air Reformer	(Expert)	Air Experience Gain: +10 %	150

Military High Command
Candidate	Type I	Type II	Requirements + Effects	Cost ()
René Prioux	Cavalry	(Expert)	Motorized Attack: +10 % Motorized Defense: +10 % Cavalry Attack: +10 % Cavalry Defense: +10 % Mechanized Attack: +10 % Mechanized Defense: +10 %	150
Charles Huntizger	Army Logistics	(Specialist)	Division Attrition: -4 %	150
Philippe Leclerc	Commando	(Expert)	Special forces Attack: +15 % Special forces Defense: +15 %	150
Alfred Heurtaux	Air Combat Training	(Expert)	Ace generation chance: +10 %	150
Martial Valin	Air Superiority	(Expert)	Air superiority attack: +3 % Air superiority defense: +3 % Air superiority agility: +3 %	150
Jean-Francois Jannekeyn	Tactical Bombing	(Expert)	Ground support: +15 %	150
Jean de Laborde	Capital Ships	(Specialist)	Capital Ship Attack: +5 % Capital Ship Armor: +5 %	150
Émile Muselier	Fleet Logistics	(Expert)	Naval max range factor: +10 %	150
René-Emile Godfroy	Screens	(Expert)	Screen Attack: +10 % Screen Defense: +15 %	150

Strategies and Guides[edit]

Veteran Democratic France - Extend the Maginot[edit]

HoI4 France in 1936 lacks any sort of significant military industry and the political power needed to change mobilization or conscription ideas. In veteran or elite difficulty, France actually loses political power. In addition, French divisions are severely lacking in equipment at the 1936 start, requiring significant time just to get all divisions up to strength. Because of these factors, a democratic France (especially on Veteran/Elite) is unable to field an offensive army by 1939 and should focus purely on defense.

Focuses[edit]

On veteran difficulty it is absolutely essential to take the political focus tree down to Strengthen Government Support first. It is possible to go either with the Allies or form the Little Entente, but if neither Romania or Yugoslavia join the Little Entente the alliance is pointless (since there's no way to help Czechoslovakia).

After finishing Strengthen Government Support, France gains a national spirit that increases stability for 365 days. Take the French industrial tree down to the extra research slot during this time (350 days total) and then take the defensive military focus. Upon conclusion of the military focus, The strengthen government support national spirit will no longer be present and it will be possible to take the Defensive Stratagems focus, removing Disjointed Government. Alternatively, it is possible to delay taking any focus after the research slot to wait for the government support spirit to disappear and then take Defensive Stratagems.

The next focus to take is Levée en Masse. The infantry equipment production bonus is important to give France enough equipment to arm all of its divisions. After that the fortification focus should be taken.

During a Little Entente run, the fort construction focuses must be taken and then immediately the invitation focuses to other nations to join the French faction must be taken. During an Allies run, it is possible to first take the Algerian industry focuses and then the fort construction ones. Once these focuses are complete it is up to the player to decide their priorities.

Research[edit]

France begins with only 3 research slots and a massive penalty to land doctrine research. It is advisable to not research land doctrine and instead focus on industry. It is useful to start the game researching anti-tank so as to have divisions equipped with 1939 anti-tank when war with Germany begins. Researching 1936 fighters before 1937-1938 should also be done so as to begin production before war begins.

Industry[edit]

All industry should be producing military factories. The default French infantry division template works, though ideally it would also have support engineers and anti-tank. A good military factory allocation is 8-10 factories to infantry equipment, 4 to support equipment, then 2-3 on artillery and 4-5 on anti-tank. After those are covered, military factories should be devoted to fighters and CAS.

In early or mid 1938 industry should be turned to construction of land forts along the Italian and Belgian borders. Land forts cost more to produce the higher the level they are, but the focuses to extend the Maginot line add 2 levels to the Italian and Belgian borders regardless of the current fort level there, so it is more efficient to first construct 3 levels of forts on each state before completing the focuses.

Army, Air Force, and Navy[edit]

Most French divisions in mainland France should be converted to the basic infantry division at the start of the game. If the player considers having armored divisions, all divisions should be converted to the "Légère Méchanisée" template. However, on veteran difficulty it is more efficient to not use armored divisions at all (until later on in the war when France fully mobilizes) as they require significant industrial investment. It is advised to station about a dozen divisions in Algeria and 4-5 in Egypt (if joining the Allies).

Divisions will have to be exercised to gain enough military experience to improve their templates. Engineering and Recon support battalions are useful. Adding anti-tank support battalions is highly recommended when eventually fighting Germany.

The French Air Force should get as many fighters as possible after the Army is equipped. Air superiority will prevent forts on the German and Belgian borders from being damaged. Close air support allows for infantry-based pushes and naval bombing in the Mediterranean.

The French Navy is useful, but does not require much attention. The default production lines given at the start of 1936 are fine and should complete sometime around 1939 if all dockyards are used to produce it. Be sure to place the two battlecruisers in the Mediterranean to fight the Italian navy.

War[edit]

War will either break out in 1938 or 1939 depending on what route the player is taking. Players looking to protect Czechoslovakia should have 20-24 infantry divisions sent to Czechoslovakia and 8-12 divisions sent to Yugoslavia to help hold the line. 20 or so divisions is enough to hold the Maginot line in 1938, and all remaining divisions should be placed on the Italian border in the very likely case that Italy declares war on France. As many divisions as possible should be trained the moment war begins to help the Italian front and hold the Belgian border.

In the case of a war in 1938, it is possible to launch offensives from Czechoslovakia to create a small pocket against Western Poland, drastically shortening the front and freeing divisions to exploit gaps the stupid AI makes. Without Czechoslovakian factories and with an extremely large front to defend, France can capitulate Germany by 1939 with careful micromanagement.

If going to war in 1939, France should have 48-56 divisions on a defensive line from Switzerland to the English Channel along the border with Germany, Luxembourg, and Belgium. Care should be taken to reinforce the tip of the Maginot line, as the easternmost state can be attacked by 24 divisions at once. All remaining divisions should be sent to the Alps against the Italians.

As of patch 1.5.4, it seems that the AI will never seriously commit to attacking states with forts over level 6. From my experience, the only time Germany will ever attack the Maginot line seems to be during the initial push into Belgium, presumably because the AI executes a plan across the entire front. Thus, it is possible to hold the line with just 2-3 colonial divisions on each state bordering Germany and Italy. This leaves the player free to commit better divisions to roll over North Africa, hold Switzerland and potentially Spain, invade Italy, and hold Southeast Asia.

It is probably also possible to build level 4 forts in limited parts of northern France or on the Italian border to ensure Germany/Italy attacks them and wastes their manpower and equipment, but this is untested.