Mexico

Mexico City

Non-Aligned, Moderate

Neutral

Mexico is a medium sized country in North America. It is bordered by the United States, a major power in the Second World War, to the north, Guatemala and the United Kingdom's British Honduras to the south. It is mostly mountainous with jungle on the south, desert on the center and Baja California and forests and plains on the coast.

Historical Background[edit | edit source]

By the start of Hearts of Iron IV, Mexico is not in the best of shape, having been racked by nearly twenty years of chaos and infighting by this point. In 1876, president Porfirio Diaz seized power in a political coup and would go on to rule continuously until 1911, a period known as the Porfiriato. After the collapse of Porfirio Diaz's regime in 1911, Mexico fell into a long and bloody civil war known as the Mexican Revolution that would last for a full decade until finally dying down by 1920. This was followed by the Cristero War which erupted in 1926 due to a controversy over the relationship between church and state, and lasted until 1929. Only thereafter did some semblance of peace and stability return to Mexico, beginning with president Plutarco Calles' rule in 1924-1928 and followed by the Maximato in 1928-1934.

By the start of HOI4 in 1936, Mexico has begun to slowly make some progress of recovery, but the regime is still unstable and if things go wrong, Mexico could very well suffer another civil war, the third one thus far. As such, one will need to manage their cards right and maneuver their way through the unstable Mexican politics until the issues plaguing the country can be ironed out.

After the sinking of Mexican merchant ships by German U-Boats and the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbour in 1941, Mexico was one of the first American nations to announce its support for the United States. It severed ties with the three major powers of the Tripartite Pact and officially joined the war on the side of the Allies in 1942, providing essential resources and men to the USA, most notably the 201st Squadron, or the "Aztec Eagles".

Events[edit | edit source]

Main article: Mexican events

National focus[edit | edit source]

Mexican national focus tree.

Main article: Mexican national focus tree

Mexico gets a national focus in the Man the Guns DLC. Without the expansion, Mexico uses the Generic national focus tree.

The Mexican national focus tree can be divided into 2 Branches and 4 Sub-branches:

National Bank Branch: This branch focuses on infrastructure, removing the threat of the Caudillo civil war or changing the political party to Communism.

Military Budget Review Sub-branch

This Sub-branch focuses on military technology.

Oil Field Expansion Sub-branch

This Sub-branch deals with foreign relations with major countries and joining their faction.

Plan of Agua Prieta Branch: This branch focuses on switching the political party to either Democracy, Fascism or Communism. The Fascist or Communist focuses increase or decrease Church Power respectively.

Control the Army Sub-branch

This sub-branch deals with increasing or decreasing the power of the Church.

March Southwards Sub-branch

This sub-branch gives war goals against other countries within the Americas.

Technology[edit | edit source]

Mexico starts with 2 research slots.

Army Technology	Naval Technology	Naval Technology Man the Guns	Air Technology	Electronics & Industry
Mondragón M94 (Basic Infantry Eq.) Salinas (Great War Tank) Towed Artillery I Towed Anti-Air I	Early Submarine Early Destroyer Early Light Cruiser Early Heavy Cruiser	Early Destroyer Hull Early Submarine Hull Naval Gunnery 75mm RF. Cannon (Secondary I) Contact Mine	Tololoche (Interwar Fighter) Azcárate (Interwar Bomber) Zeus (Close Air Support I)	Fuel Storage Fuel Refining I
Doctrines
None	None	None

Cosmetic names[edit | edit source]

Mexico has many unique cosmetic names for its equipment, listed here. Note that generic names are not listed.

Infantry tech
Type	1918	1936	1938	1939	1940	1941	1942	1943	1944
Infantry Equipment	Mondragón M94	Mondragón M08		Mendoza C-34			Mendoza RM2

Aircraft techs
Tech year	Close Air Support (Carrier)	Fighter (Carrier)	Naval Bomber (Carrier)	Heavy Fighter	Tactical Bomber	Strategic Bomber
1933		Tololoche			Azcárate
1936	Zeus	Quetzalcóatl	MA-260	Celia Fighter	Celia Bomber	Celia Heavy Bomber
1940	Tezcatlipoca	Teziutlán	Chalchiuhtlicue	Salinas Fighter	Salinas Bomber	Salinas Heavy Bomber
1944	Tonatiuh	Huītzilopochtli	Tlaloc	Aura Fighter	Aura Bomber	Aura Heavy Bomber
Jet Engine Technology
1945
1950

Politics[edit | edit source]

In 1936, Mexico is a Non-Aligned nation. Its elections are every 6 years with the next one being in June 1940.

Mexico has the following political parties:

Political party	Ideology	Popularity	Party leader	Country name	Is ruling?
Partido Liberal Constitucionalista	Democratic	18.00%	Adolfo de la Huerta	United Mexican States	No
Partido Revolucionario Institucional	Democratic	Focus only	Lázaro Cárdenas	United Mexican States	No
Partido Acción Nacional	Democratic	Focus only	Luis María Martínez	Mexican Republic	No
Partido Revolucionario Institucional	Democratic	Event only	Vicente Lombardo	United Mexican States	No, can come to power in the 1940 election
Partido Revolucionario Institucional	Democratic	Event only	Francisco Múgica	United Mexican States	No, can come to power in the 1940 election
Partido Revolucionario Institucional	Democratic	Event only	Manuel Ávila Camacho	United Mexican States	No, can come to power in the 1940 election
Partido Comunista Mexicano	Communist	9.00%	Hernán Laborde	Mexican Soviet Republic	No
Partido Obrero-Campesino Mexicano	Communist	Focus only	Leon Trotsky	Mexican Soviet Republic	No, can come to power in the 1940 election
Partido de la Revolución Mexicana	Communist	Focus only	Lázaro Cárdenas	Mexican Socialist Republic	No
Partido de la Revolución Mexicana	Communist	Event only	Vicente Lombardo	Mexican Socialist Republic	No, can come to power in the 1940 election
Partido de la Revolución Mexicana	Communist	Event only	Francisco Múgica	Mexican Socialist Republic	No, can come to power in the 1940 election
Partido de la Revolución Mexicana	Communist	Event only	Dionisio Encina	Mexican Socialist Republic	No, can come to power in the 1940 election
Partido Obrero-Campesino Mexicano	Communist	Event only	Valentín Campa	Mexican Soviet Republic	No, can come to power in the 1940 election
Unión Nacional Sinarquista	Fascist	20.00%	Salvador Abascal	Catholic Mexico(focus)/Mexican Junta	No
Partido Nacional Revolucionario	Fascist	Focus only	Plutarco E. Calles	Mexican Junta	No
Partido Nacional Revolucionario	Fascist	Focus only	Saturnino Cedillo	Mexican Junta	No
Partido Nacional Revolucionario	Fascist	Event only	Jesús Degollado Guízar	Mexican Junta	No, can come to power in the 1940 election
Partido Nacional Revolucionario	Non-Aligned	53.00%	Lázaro Cárdenas	Mexico	Yes
Partido Nacional Revolucionario	Non-Aligned	Event only	Francisco Múgica	Mexico	No, can come to power in the 1940 election
Partido Nacional Revolucionario	Non-Aligned	Event only	Manuel Ávila Camacho	Mexico	No, can come to power in the 1940 election
Partido Nacional Revolucionario	Non-Aligned	Event only	Saturnino Cedillo	Mexico	No, can come to power in the 1940 election

National spirits[edit | edit source]

Callistas

Political Power gain: -20%
Construction Speed: -10.00%

The supporters of Calles are enriching themselves and abusing their power. Appointed for loyalty rather than ability, they perpetuate a patronage system which corrupts every office and rank in the country. Unless they are reigned in, ordinary Mexicans will continue to deride our ruling government as 'roboluncionarios', robber-revolutionaries.

Weak Church

Factory Output: +10.00%

The Constitution of 1917 requires measures aimed against the influence of the Catholic Church in Mexico. The Cristeros rebelled in the 1920s because of attempts to enforce those laws, but the people may now be ready for a secular state.

Oil Concessions

In order to exploit oil in Mexico, foreign companies have signed concession contracts ensuring that they can freely extract oil on defined territories for a prolonged period of time in exchange for payments. However the sum paid by the companies was far below the value of the oil extracted and enabled them to get a profit margin much higher than in countries such as the US, while putting the oil reserves of Mexico indirectly under foreign control.

Politicized Army

Military Leaders Cost: +100.00%
Planning Speed: -20.0%

The rulers of Mexico have been drawn from revolutionary army officers for almost three decades. The turbulent times we went through demanded firm leadership. The question is: has the turbulence passed, or is it becoming more severe? Should we professionalize the army or allow regional strongmen - caciques and caudillos - to carve out petty fiefdoms? Generals like Saturnino Cedillo in San Luis Potosí are raising private militias to protect their power. The many rebellions launched by disatisfied officers in the past are likely to continue unless we act.

Caudillo Tensions Moderate

Stability: -5.00%

General Saturnino Cedillo and the caudillos aligned to him are jealously guarding their influence. We may have to act against them if they stand in the way of the government.

Diplomacy[edit | edit source]

Mexico is guaranteed by the United States.

If Mexico is puppeted by the United Kingdom, Mexico will change its name to the Dominion of Mexico, regardless of what ideology the United Kingdom was at the time they did this. Note that it will not change its name to this if Mexico is annexed and then released by the United Kingdom.

Through its March Southwards focuses, Mexico can gain cores on all of Central America, all of the Caribbean, and the South Western United States (the old Mexican Cession). It can also gain a core on British Honduras through the focus "Purchase Belize".

Staff and designer[edit | edit source]

Political advisors
Advisor	Type	Effect	Cost ()
Vicente Lombardo	Ambitious Union Boss	Consumer Goods Factories: -5% Daily Communism Support: +0.10 Has completed focus Confederation of Mexican Workers Is not a Supervised State	150
José Vasconelos	Syncretic Revanchist	Generate Wargoal Tension: -50% Justify Wargoal Time: -25% Daily Fascism Support: +0.10 Has completed focus The Gold Shirts Is not a Supervised State	150
Bartolomé García Correa	Social Reformer	Stability: +15% Daily Democracy Support: +0.10 Has completed focus Exile Calles Is not a Supervised State	150
Aarón Sáenz Garza	Shadow of Calles	Political Power Gain +15% Daily Support for Unaligned: +0.10 Has completed focus Jefe Máximo Is not a Supervised State	150
Eduardo Hay	Smooth-Talking Charmer	Trade Deal Opinion Factor: +10%	150
Luis Montes de Oca	Financial Expert	Consumer Goods Factor: -5% Has completed focus Liberalize the Banking Sector	75
Manuel Ávila Camacho	War Industrialist	Military Factory construction speed: +10% Dockyard construction speed: +10% Fuel Silo construction speed: +10% Conscription Law Cost: -25% Has completed focus Military Budget Review	75
Alberto J. Pani	Captain of Industry	Infrastructure construction speed: +10% Civillian Factory construction speed: +10% Refinery construction speed: +10% Has completed focus Agricultural Credit Bank	75
Pablo González Garza	Prince of Terror	Non-Core Manpower: +2% Foreign subversive activities efficiency: -30% Damage to Garrisons: -25% Has completed focus Triumph over the Cristeros	50
Salvador Álvarez	Illusive Gentleman	Operative Slots: +1 Agency upgrade time: -15% Has created an Intelligence Agency	150

Tank designers
Designer	Type	Effect	Cost ()
Talleres Generales de Arma	Tank Designer	Armor Research Speed: +15.0% Armor: Reliability: +5.0% By selecting this Design Company they will permanently affect capabilities on all equipment researched while they are hired. Has completed focus Tank Workshops	75
German-Mexican Tank Designs	Heavy Tank Designer	Armor Research Speed: +15.0% Armor:: Armor: +5% Hard Attack: +5% By selecting this Design Company they will permanently affect capabilities on all equipment researched while they are hired. Is in faction with German Reich	150
Russo-Mexican Tank Designs	Mobile Tank Designer	Armor Research Speed: +15.0% Armor: Max Speed: +5% Reliability: +10% By selecting this Design Company they will permanently affect capabilities on all equipment researched while they are hired. Is in faction with Soviet Union	150
Mexican Chrysler	Medium Tank Designer	Armor Research Speed: +15.0% Armor: Reliability: +5% Soft Attack: +5% By selecting this Design Company they will permanently affect capabilities on all equipment researched while they are hired. Is in faction with United States	150

Ship designers
Designer	Type	Effect	Cost ()
ASTIMAR Golfo	Atlantic Fleet Designer	Naval Research Speed: +15.0% Carrier: Armor: +50% HP: +10% Capital Ship: Armor: +10% Heavy Attack: +10% By selecting this Design Company they will permanently affect capabilities on all equipment researched while they are hired. Has completed focus Gulf Coast Naval Yards	150
ASTIMAR Pacifico	Pacific Fleet Designer	Naval Research Speed: +15.0% Carrier: Deck Size: +25% Armor: -15% Max Range: +25% Capital Ship: Max Range: +25% Screen: Max Range: +25% Submarine: Max Range: +25% By selecting this Design Company they will permanently affect capabilities on all equipment researched while they are hired. Has completed focus Pacific Coast Naval Yards	150

Aircraft designers
Designer	Type	Effect	Cost ()
Talleres Nacionales de Construcciones	Light Aircraft Designer	Air Research Speed: +15.0% Fighter: Max Speed: +10% Agility: +10% Carrier Fighter: Max Speed: +10% Agility: +10% By selecting this Design Company they will permanently affect capabilities on all equipment researched while they are hired. Has completed focus Aviation Workshops	150

Materiel designers
Designer	Type	Effect	Cost ()
Mexican Ford	Motorized Equipment Designer	Motorization Research Speed: +15%	150
Fabrica Nacional de Armas	Infantry Equipment Designer	Weapons and Equipment Research Speed: +15%	150
COMESA	Artillery Designer	Artillery Research Speed: +15%	150

Industrial concern
Designer	Type	Effect	Cost ()
Royal Dutch Shell	Refining Concern	Industrial Research Speed: +5% Synthetic Resources Research Speed: +10% Trade Laws Cost: -25% Has completed focus Royal Dutch Shell	25
Pemex	Refining Concern	Industrial Research Speed: +5% Synthetic Resources Research Speed: +10% Infrastructure Construction Speed: +10% Has completed focus Nationalize the Oil Fields	25
Banco de Mexico	Industrial Concern	Industrial Research Speed: +15% Economy Law Costs: -25% Has completed focus National Bank	75
Escuela de Ingenería	Electronics Concern	Electronics Research Speed: +15% Aircraft Manufacturer Cost: -25% Tank Manufacturer Cost: -25% Naval Manufacturer Cost: -25% Materiel Manufacturer Cost: -25% Has completed focus Engineering School	25

Theorists
Designer	Type	Effect	Cost ()
Enrique Estrada	Military Theorist	Land Doctrine Research Speed: +10% Daily Army Experience Gain: +0.05	150
Agustin Olachea	Air Warfare Theorist	Air Doctrine Research Speed: +10% Daily Air Experience Gain: +0.05	150
Manuel Pérez Treviño	Superior Firepower Expert	Daily Army Experience Gain: +0.05 Superior Firepower Doctrine: +15% Has completed focus Heroic Military College	250

Economy[edit | edit source]

Laws[edit | edit source]

Conscription Law	Economy Law	Trade Law
Volunteer Only 1.5% Recruitable population	Civilian Economy 35% Consumer Goods factories –30% Factory construction speed +30% Factory (type) conversion cost –40% Fuel gain per oil –25% Fuel capacity	Export Focus 50% Resources to market +5% Research speed +10% Factory/Dockyard output +10% Construction speed +20% Civilian intelligence to others +10% Navy intelligence to others

Industry and resources[edit | edit source]

Resources
	Type	No.
\|\|Aluminium\|\|0
	Chromium	0
	Oil	46
	Rubber	0
	Steel	14
\|\|Tungsten \|\|10

Industry
	Type	No.
	Civilian factory	8
	Military factory	3
	Naval dockyard	2

Industry: Mexico has a small industry mainly centered around Mexico City which has 2 Military factories and 4 Civilian factories. Guerrero, Tamulipas, Jalisco have one Civilian factory each. Coahuila has 1 Military factory and 1 Civilian Factory. Veracruz and Durango have 1 Dockyard each.

Resources: Coahuila has 11 Oil, Tamaulipas has 12 Oil, Veracruz has 13 Oil, Oaxaca has 10 Oil, Jalisco has 10 Tungsten, Mexico City has 9 Steel and Guerrero has 5 Steel.

Military[edit | edit source]

Mexico has a modest military with a small navy and tiny air force.

Army
	Type	No.
	Infantry	19
	Cavalry	2
	Total divisions	21
	Manpower used	94.80k

Navy
	Type	No.
	Destroyer	5
	Heavy Cruiser	1
	Convoy	45
	Total combatants	6
	Manpower used	3.05k

Air force
	Type	No.
	Close air support	12
	Fighter	6
	Tactical bomber	6
	Total planes	24
	Manpower used	0.60k

Army: Mexico's infantry divisions contain 9 infantry battalions each with support artillery. It also contains some agrarian militia units of 3 infantry battalions each. Its cavalry divisions contain 6 cavalry battalions with support artillery.

Navy: Mexico's starting navy consists of a coastal defense heavy cruiser with no anti-air defenses and five early destroyers, one of which has no anti-air defenses and can be retrofitted.

Ship classes of the Mexican Navy
Name	Type	Count	Production	Techyear	Design note
CA	Anahuac Class	1		Coastal Defense Hull	CA I battery, Secondary I, CA Armor I
DD	Durango Class	4		Early Destroyer Hull	DD I battery, AA I
DD	Nicolás Bravo Class*	1		Early Destroyer Hull	DD I battery
	Convoy	38	Open-ended
* marks a variant as "obsolescent".

Air force: Mexico's starting air force consists of 12 close air support planes, 6 tactical bombers and 6 fighters.

Commanders[edit | edit source]

Land commanders
Name	Rank	Skill	Traits
Lázaro Cárdenas	Field Marshal	3	Politically Connected
Heliodoro Charis	General	3	Infantry Officer
Luis Farell	General	3	War Hero
Gildardo Magaña	General	3	Media Personality
Manuel Pérez Treviño	General	3	Career Officer
Abelardo L. Rodríguez	General	3	Politically Connected
Manuel Ávila Camacho	General	3	Politically Connected

Naval commanders
Name	Rank	Skill	Traits
Othón P. Blanco Núñez de Cáceres	Admiral	2	Old Guard
Heriberto Jara Corona	Admiral	1	Media Personality

Military Staff[edit | edit source]

These are the Military Staff candidates for appointment in Mexico.

Chief of Army
Candidate	Type I	Type II	Effects	Cost ()
Gilberto R. Limón	Army Drill	(Expert)	Division training time: -10%	150
Saturnino Cedillo Martínez	Army Offense	(Expert)	Division Attack: +10% Has completed focus Support General Cedillo Ruling party is not Communist	75
Matias Santos Ramos	Army Defense	(Expert)	Division Defense: +10%	150
Leon Trotsky	Red Army Organizer	(Genius)	Division Organization: +12% Daily Communism Support: +0.10	75

Chief of Navy
Candidate	Type I	Type II	Effects	Cost ()
Othón P. Blanco Núñez de Cáceres	Fleet Logistics	(Genius)	Naval max range factor: +15%	150
Heriberto Jara Corona	Decisive Battle	(Specialist)	Capital Ship Attack: +5% Capital Ship Armor: +5% Screen Attack: +5% Screen Defense: +5%	150

Chief of Airforce
Candidate	Type I	Type II	Effects	Cost ()
Antonio Cárdenas Rodríguez	Air Combat Training	(Genius)	Ace Generation Chance: +15%	150
Luis Farell Cubillas	Ground Support	(Expert)	Air Superiority: +10%	150

Military High Command
Candidate	Type I	Type II	Effects	Cost ()
Pablo Macías	Army Regrouping	(Expert)	Division Recovery Rate +8%	150
Jesus Garza Siller	Strategic Bombing	(Expert)	Strategic Bombing: +5% Bomber Attack/Defense/Agility: +3%	150
José Gonzalo Escobar	Cavalry	(Genius)	Motorized/Cavalry/Mechanized Attack/Defense: +15% Has completed focus Purge the Bureaucracy	150
Hector Meixueiro	Naval Air Defense	(Expert)	Naval AA attack: +15%	150
Abelardo L. Rodríguez	Infantry	(Expert)	Infantry Attack: +10% Infantry Defense: +15%	150

Strategies and guides[edit | edit source]

The below is one of many player suggested strategies for Mexico. Bear in mind, due to the dynamic nature of the game, it may unfold differently for other players.

Mexico starts on the brink of a civil war. There are 3 possible civil wars that can break out, and you will need to deal with 2.

Caudillos Civil War: This is the starting tension you have to deal with. You have to pay attention to the Caudillo Tension national spirit which indicates the level. You can see the timer in the Political tab to see when the tension increases. Once Caudillo Tension High is reached if you let the timer finish once more the Caudillo civil war will ignite. There are multiple focuses you can get to lower the tension by one stage. To put a stop to this permanently you need to complete Support General Cedillo or Arrest General Cedillo focus. If you don't go Revanchist route and pick both Agricultural Credit Bank and Jefe Máximo line of focus, the Caudillo Civil War will be unavoidable. Letting it happen and defeating the rebels will also prevent it from happening again.

Cristeros Civil War and Communist Revolutionaries Civil War: Once you have completed a certain focus, you will get a chance to get either. These civil wars have multiple trigger to ignite, mainly the Church power level and the type of government. The Cristeros will not rebel if you choose to go Democratic path and likewise the Revolutionaries will not rebel if you go Communist. If you don't go Democratic, the Cristeros Civil War will start a countdown once you reach Atheist State, and likewise if you don't go Communist then the Revolutionaries Civil War will start a countdown once you reach Catholic State. Since some focuses will increase or decrease the Church Power by one stage, you need to pay attention to this, and you can also use some political decision to increase or decrease the Church Power though some requires some focuses to be taken first. You can ultimately prevent this civil war regardless of Church Power by keeping your stability above 60%. Likewise you can get away with Atheist State if you go Democratic and Catholic State if you go Communist with no risk of civil war which is not possible to do for Unaligned or Fascist path.

A Mexico game involves a balancing act between an "Atheist State" and a "Catholic State". Going to either one of these extremes will begin the countdown for a civil war. It is recommended that you complete the "Antidisestablishmentarianism" Focus, which allows you to transfer lands to the Church. You start with nationalization of Church lands decision, so you can add or remove influence from the Church, stopping you from erupting into Civil War.

If you are planning on going the expansionist route, I would recommend, as soon as the games starts, boosting ideologies in the Central American democracies, such as Honduras. This is because that since the United Kingdom has a stake in South America via Belize, they will guarantee other Democracies in their vicinity, thus dragging them into a war with you. Boosting ideologies will allow these minors to change government which means you can attack them almost without fear. If you go fascist, join the Axis as if the Democratic countries change to fascist, they will not be able to join the Axis because they you are in there. You should beware, however, because these countries, even if they are not Democratic, may still join other alliances such as the Allies. So don't get too greedy in conquest.

Achievements[edit | edit source]

Mi Casa es tu Casa

As Mexico, host a government-in-exile.

Sunset Invasion

Occupy a coastal province in Europe as Mexico, and if in a faction have it contain only South American members or puppets.

The New Home of the Revolution

As Mexico, put Trotsky in power and puppet the Soviet Union.

The Revenge of Montezuma

Restore the old borders with the USA as Mexico.

Countries

Europe

Albania Austria Belgium Bulgaria Czechoslovakia Denmark Estonia Finland France Free France Vichy France German Reich Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Nationalist Spain Republican Spain Kingdom of Romania Slovakia Soviet Union Sweden Switzerland Turkey Republic of Ukraine United Kingdom Yugoslavia

North America

Dominion of Canada Costa Rica Cuba Dominican Republic El Salvador Guatemala Haiti Honduras Mexico Nicaragua Panama United States

South America

Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Paraguay Peru Uruguay Venezuela

Asia	Afghanistan Bhutan British Malaya British Raj China Communist China Guangxi Clique Iran Iraq Japan Manchukuo Mengkukuo Mongolia Nepal Oman Philippines Saudi Arabia Shanxi Siam Sinkiang Tannu Tuva Tibet Xibei San Ma Yemen Yunnan